Pengertian, Macam, dan Latihan Soal Finite dan Non-finite Verbs

Pengertian

Verb (kata kerja) dapat digolongkan menjadi finite dan non-finite. Berikut ini merupakan pengertian dari finite dan non-finite verbs.

Finite verbs

Finite verbs merupakan suatu bentuk kata kerja yang mengandung tenses: present atau past, dipengaruhi oleh agreement dengan subjeknya, juga dipengaruhi oleh number atau jumlah (singular/plural).

contoh:

  • She goes to school.
    → kata goes merupakan finite verb karena digunakan dalam present tense dan terikat dengan subject she

Non-finite verbs

Non-finite verbs merupakan kebalikan dari Finite verbs, yaitu suatu bentuk kata kerja yang tidak mengandung tenses: present atau past.

Non-finite verbs tidak dapat berdiri sendiri seperti finite verb, oleh karenanya non-finite verb bisa diubah menjadi kata kerja yang berbentuk sebagai participle, gerund, infinitive (to  dan bare).

contoh:

  • She asked me to send this letter.
    → kata to send merupakan non-finite verb karena tidak terikat tenses, juga memiliki tambahan particle to yang merupakan bentuk to infinitive

Macam

Berikut ini merupakan macam/tipe dari finite dan non-finite verbs.

Finite verbs

Finite verbs terbagi menjadi beberapa tipe dan dapat digunakan pada main clause atau subordinate clause dalam sebuah kalimat. Berikut tipe yang merupakan finite verbs.

transitive/intransitive verbs

Finite verbs dapat berupa transitive (butuh objek) atau intransitive verbs (tidak butuh objek)

transitive verb
  • I eat fried rice.
    → eat merupakan transitive verb dan merupakan finite verb
intransitive verb
  • She always comes on time.
    → comes merupakan intransitive verb dan merupakan finite verb

action & stative verbs

Finite verbs dapat berupa action (menyatakan aksi) atau stative verbs (menyatakan kondisi)

action verb
  • He jumps over the bridge.
    → jumps merupakan action verb dan merupakan finite verb
stative verb
  • I love sunday.
    → love merupakan stative verb dan merupakan finite verb

linking verbs

Finite verbs dapat berupa linking verb

contoh:

  • My bags weigh 45kg.
    → weigh merupakan linking verb dan merupakan finite verb

auxiliary verbs

Finite verbs dapat berupa auxiliary(is, are, do, does, did, may, might, etc).

contoh:

  • She was waiting in the room.
    → was merupakan finite verb, sedangkan waiting merupakan non-finite verb

Non-finite verbs

Non-Finite verbs terbagi menjadi beberapa tipe, yaitu

Infinitive

Non-finite verbs dapat berupa to infinitive atau bare infinitive

  • He wanted to find a solution.
    → to find merupakan non-finite verb

Gerund

Non-finite verbs dapat berupa gerund

  • Playing football is nice.
    → playing merupakan non-finite verb

Participle

Present Participle

Present participle dapat berfungsi sebagai verb (membentuk continuous tense) dan adjective.

sebagai verb
  • He is crying.
    →  crying merupakan non-finite verb
sebagai adjective
  • This is interesting.
    →  interesting merupakan non-finite verb
Past Participle

Past participle dapat berfungsi sebagai verb (membentuk perfect tense  passive voice) dan adjective.

sebagai verb
  • He has visited Bali.
    →  visited merupakan non-finite verb
sebagai adjective
  • I am bored.
    →  bored merupakan non-finite verb

Latihan Soal

Exercise 1

Tentukan apakah kata yang digaris bawah termasuk finite atau non-finite verbs.

1. He asked me to call you.

2. Cooking is difficult.

3. My little brother wants to be a doctor.

4. The students were asked to submit the task.

5. Emily always sits on the front row.

6. We went to the zoo yesterday.

7. She studied hard to pass the test.

8. They always come late.

9. The man runs to the store to get a gallon of milk.

10. That cake smells good.


 


Exercise 2

Manakah yang termasuk finite verb?

1. I think we will need to pay a builder to take this wall down.

2. They took out a $40000 mortgage to buy the house.

3. The teacher encouraged the students to work hard.

4. She opened the door.

5. I spoke to Emily last night.

6. We flew to Paris.

7. We have enough time to visit Borobudur temple.

8. We stopped at some nearby shops to buy some food.

9. There are several places of interest to visit in the area.

10. I had something to eat before leaving.


 


Exercise 3

Manakah yang termasuk non-finite verb?

1. To err is human.

2. I like to get up early at the weekend.

3. You need to paint the whole cupboard, starting from the bottom.

4. Would you like to have lunch with me sometime?

5. I certainly wouldn’t want to see him again.

6. Looking around, he noticed a letter on the floor.

7. She tiptoed around the house so as not to wake anyone.

8. She wanted him to wash his hands in the bathroom.

9. We persuaded them to join us.

10. Clark really dislikes cleaning the cooker.


 

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