Pengertian, Macam dan Aturan Perubahan, serta Latihan Soal Direct Speech – Indirect Speech (Part 1)

Pengertian

Direct Speech

  • Direct Speech atau Quoted Speech atau Kalimat Langsung merupakan kalimat yang berisikan informasi dari pembicara yang ditulis apa adanya.
  • Ciri-ciri dari direct speech adalah
    • adanya tanda kutip (“…”) atau (‘…’)
    • tidak terdapat kata hubung (conjunction)
  • contoh:
    • Emily telah berkata, “saya capek”.
    • Emily has said, “I am tired”.

Indirect Speech

  • Indirect Speech atau Reported Speech atau Kalimat Tak Langsung merupakan kalimat yang berisikan informasi dari pembicara yang tidak ditulis apa adanya.
  • Ciri-ciri dari indirect speech adalah
    • Tidak terdapat tanda kutip (“…”) atau (‘…’)
    • terdapat kata hubung (conjunction)
  • contoh:
    • Emily telah berkata bahwa dia capek.
    • Emily has said that she is tired.

Note

  • Jika terdapat conjunction seperti pada contoh Indirect speech, maka klausa yang tidak mengandung conjunction disebut dengan main clause (MC), dan klausa yang mengandung conjunction disebut dengan subordinate clause (SC)
    contoh:

    • Ethan said, “I am fat”
    • Ethan said    that I was fat.
           MC                SC
  • Kata tell, ask, say … disebut sebagai introductory verb atau verb yang menghubungkan main clause dengan subordinate clause
  • Main clause dapat diletakkan di akhir dan bisa ditukar asalkan subject nya bukan pronoun.
  • Contoh:
    • Ethan said, “I am fat.”
    • “I am fat”, Ethan said.
      he
    • “I am fat”, said Ethan.
      he

Macam dan Aturan Perubahan

Terdapat tiga macam DS-IS dan aturan perubahannya, yaitu statement, Imperative, dan Question. Pada artikel ini akan dibahas macam DS-IS yang pertama yaitu statement, berikut ini merupakan penjelasannya.

Statement

  • merupakan bentuk pernyataan
  • conjunction yang digunakan adalah that (bahwa)
  • aturan perubahan
    • perubahan tenses
    • perubahan pronoun
    • perubahan adverb

Perubahan Tenses (Direct Speech ke Indirect Speech)

  • Perubahan hanya pada SC
  • MC bertenses Simple past tense
  • tenses mundur 1 kali
    misal: dari tense simple present mundur ke simple past dan kemudian ke simple perfect (Perhatikan gambar dibawah ini)
  • contoh kalimat
    • DS : Emily said, “Ethan is sick.
                               simple present
    • IS : Emily said that Ethan was sick.
                                     simple past
    • DS : Clark said, “Charles has eaten.
                                 present perfect
    • IS : Clark said that Charles had eaten.
                                      past perfect
Note
  • tenses dalam SC tidak berubah jika
    • I.V (introductory verb) tidak menggunakan tense simple past
      contoh:

      • DS : Emily has said, “Ernie is happy.”
      • IS : Emily has said that Ernie is happy.
    • SC menunjukkan kebenaran umum
      contoh

      • DS : Catherine said,   “The fire is hot.
                            S.past   kebenaran umum
      • IS : Catherine said that the fire is hot.
                                   tidak berubah

Perubahan Pronoun

Aturan perubahan pronoun adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Jika terdapat pronoun I, my, me, mine … , maka kembali ke subject MC.
    contoh:

    • DS : Emily said, “My mother likes my bike.”
    • IS : Emily said that her mother liked her bike.
  • Jika terdapat pronoun you, your, yours, … , maka kembali ke object MC (jika MC tidak mempunyai object, maka object nya adalah me.
    • DS : Ethan said to Emily, “I love you.”
    • IS : Ethan said to Emily that he loved her.
    • Jika terdapat pronoun we, us, our, ours …, maka tetap we jika speaker termasuk we, dan berubah menjadi they  jika speaker tidak termasuk dalam we.
      contoh:

      • DS : Emily and Ethan said, “we will marry.”
      • IS : Emily and Ethan said that they would marry.

Perubahan Adverb

Aturan perubahan adverb adalah sebagai berikut:

  • syarat → sama dengan perubahan tenses
  • aturan
Adverb (DS) Adverb (IS)
now

yesterday

tomorrow

next week

last week

2 days ago

2 days later

today

then

the day before/the previous day

the day after/the following day

the week after

the week before

2 days before

2 days after

that day

contoh:

  • DS : Ethan said to Emily, “I am waiting for you now.”
  • IS : Ethan said to Emily that he was waiting for her then.
  • DS : Emily said, “I met Sue yesterday.”
  • IS : Emily said that she had met Sue the day before.
  • DS : Ethan said, “I will marry her next year.”
  • IS : Ethan said that he would marry her the year after.

Latihan Soal

Exercise 1

Tentukan termasuk DS atau IS kah kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini!

1. Dany said to his brother that his brother got a new bike.

2. Clark said that he had eaten meatball.

3. Emma said that her shirt had been dirty the previous day.

4. Emily said that she would be late the day after.

5. Clark said, “I have eaten meatball.”

6. Emma said, “my shirt was dirty yesterday.”

7. Claire said, “I had a good meal yesterday.”

8. Dany said to his brother, “you get a new bike.”

9. Claire said that she had had a good meal the day before.

10. Emily said, “I will be late tomorrow.”


 

Klik halaman selanjutnya untuk mengerjakan exercise berikutnya.

Share :

1 thought on “Pengertian, Macam dan Aturan Perubahan, serta Latihan Soal Direct Speech – Indirect Speech (Part 1)”

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Aplikasi Latihan Soal Bahasa Inggris Install

x
Scroll to Top