Pengertian, Macam, Contoh Kalimat, dan Latihan Soal ‘Sentence and Clause’

Pengertian

Sentence

Sentence merupakan rangkaian kata yang bermakna sempurna. Secara struktur, sebuah kalimat minimal berpola S + V dan diakhiri dengan tanda pengakhir (.) (?) (!).

Clause

Clause merupakan rangkaian kata yang bermakna, berpola S + V yang membentuk kalimat atau bagian dari kalimat.

Macam

Sentence

Berikut ini merupakan jenis-jenis kalimat.

Berdasarkan Kata Kerja Utama Suatu Kalimat

Berdasarkan kata kerja utama suatu kalimat, kalimat dibagi menjadi menjadi kalimat verbal dan kalimat nominal.

Kalimat verbal

Kalimat verbal adalah kalimat yang predikatnya adalah kata kerja.

contoh:

• I go to school.
• The play football.
• She reads a book.

Kalimat nominal

Kalimat nominal adalah kalimat yang predikatnya bukan kata kerja, melainkan bentuk be (am, is, are, was, were)

contoh:

• She is beautiful.
• They are strong.

Berdasarkan Bentuknya

Berdasarkan bentuknya, kalimat dibedakan menjadi 4, yaitu

Statement

Statement merupakan bentuk kalimat pernyataan.

contoh:

• Emily likes apple.
• Emily doesn’t like mango.

Question

Question merupakan bentuk kalimat tanya.

contoh:

• Do you like pizza?
• Where do you live?

Imperative

Imperative merupakan kalimat perintah, larangan, atau ajakan.

contoh:

• Be quiet!
• Don’t do that!
• Let’s go!

Exclamatory

Exclamatory merupakan kalimat seruan (strong feeling).

contoh:

• How happy you are!

Selengkapnya

Jenis Kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris (Sentence Classification)

Berdasarkan Jumlah dan Penyusun Klausa

Berdasarkan jumlah dan penyusun klausanya dibedakan menjadi 4, yaitu

Simple Sentence

Simple Sentence atau kalimat sederhana. Cirinya:

• hanya terdapat 1 (S + V)
• tidak ada conjunction
• hanya ada main clause (MC)
• Pola yang digunakan : S  + V

contoh:

• Emily  eats  pizza.
     S      V        O
       main clause
  simple sentence

Compound Sentence

Compound sentence atau kalimat majemuk setara.

• terdapat minimal 2 (S + V)
• terdapat compound conjunction (CC)
• terdapat 2 clause MC – MC
• Pola yang digunakan : S  + V  compound conj  S + V

contoh:

• Charles  was  rich  but  Clark  was  poor.
      S        V            CC     S       V

Complex Sentence

Complex sentence atau kalimat majemuk bertingkat

• terdapat minimal 2 (S + V)
• terdapat complex conjunction
• clause MC dan SC (subordinate clause (klausa yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri)
• Pola yang digunakan : S  + V  complex conj  S + V atau

Complex conj  S + V, S + V

contoh:

• Emily  often   went  to  Claire’s  home     when         Emily   was  sad.
    S                   V                             complex conj       S        V
                         MC                                           SC

Compound-Complex Sentence

Compound-Complex sentence atau kalimat majemuk campuran

• terdapat minimal 3 (S + V)
• terdapat compound dan complex conjunction
• terdapat clause MC dan SC
• Pola yang digunakan :

S  + V  compound conj  S + V complex conj  S + V

contoh

• I  am explaining      and       you  are listening     when     a lizard  falls.
  S        V             comp.conj    S          V        complex conj    S        V
• 
  

Appropriate sentence

Clause

Berikut ini merupakan jenis-jenis klausa.

Main Clause (Independent Clause)

• Main clause atau Independent clause adalah klausa yang berpotensi berdiri sendiri menjadi kalimat.
• Pola yang digunakan : S  + V

Sub Clause (Dependent Clause)

• • Sub clause atau Dependent clause adalah klausa yang tidak berpotensi berdiri sendiri menjadi kalimat.
  • Pola yang digunakan : Conjunction  + S + V

• Sub clause dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu

Adjective Clause

Adjective clause (AC) digunakan untuk menjelaskan noun

contoh:

• Clark buys a car   which   everyone    likes.
                   noun   conj         S            V
                                 Adjective Clause

Noun Clause

Noun clause (NC) digunakan sebagai subject atau object

contoh:

• I  know  what  you  want.
  S    V     conj    S      V
                Noun Clause

Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause (AVC) digunakan sebagai adverb

contoh:

• Emily  stole  mangos  when   she  was a child.
     S       V         O       conj      S     V
                                     Adverbial clause

Latihan Soal

Exercise 1

Tentukan jenis kalimat di bawah ini berdasarkan kata kerja utama suatu kalimatnya.

1. He was here.

Nominal

Verbal

2. He is tall.

Verbal

Nominal

3. He is eating now.

Nominal

Verbal

4. She has visited national museum.

Verbal

Nominal

5. My mother is slim.

Verbal

Nominal

6. He is so generous.

Verbal

Nominal

7. They go to school.

Nominal

Verbal

8. My father is fat.

Nominal

Verbal

9. Emily will go to Bali tomorrow.

Nominal

Verbal

10. She cooked fried rice.

Nominal

Verbal

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Exercise 2

Tentukan jenis kalimat di bawah ini berdasarkan bentuknya.

1. Let’s watch a movie!

question

statement

imperative

2. How expensive this bag is!

statement

imperative

exclamatory

3. Where are you from?

exclamatory

statement

question

4. How pretty your dress is!

exclamatory

statement

imperative

5. My sister bought a new motorcycle yesterday.

question

imperative

statement

6. Be patient!

imperative

question

exclamatory

7. Emily went to Jakarta yesterday morning.

statement

imperative

question

8. Where is your home?

statement

exclamatory

question

9. When will they come?

exclamatory

question

imperative

10. He loves playing football.

imperative

question

statement

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Exercise 3

Tentukan jenis kalimat di bawah ini berdasarkan jumlah dan penyusun klausa.

1. Cathy attends an educational seminar.

simple sentence

compound sentence

complex sentence

2. Clark buys a new house.

complex sentence

compound sentence

simple sentence

3. I went there when I was a child.

complex sentence

simple sentence

compound-complex sentence

4. The have so much money, so they buy three new cars.

simple sentence

complex sentence

compound sentence

5. You can’t get a job unless you have experience.

compound-complex sentence

compound sentence

complex sentence

6. Even though she prefers to eat with spoon and fork, she chooses to use chopsticks in Chinese restaurants.

simple sentence

compound-complex sentence

complex sentence

7. We decided that this task is too difficult, but our friends who are genius thought that we were wrong.

compound sentence

complex sentence

compound-complex sentence

8. Emily has a bright skin.

complex sentence

compound sentence

simple sentence

9. I went to cinema, and my brother went to department store.

compound-complex sentence

complex sentence

compound sentence

10. Although I like to go hiking, I haven’t had the time to go, and I haven’t found anyone to go with.

simple sentence

compound sentence

compound-complex sentence

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Exercise 4

Termasuk jenis sub clause apakah klausa yang digarisbawahi pada kalimat-kalimat berikut ini?

1. You can live your life how you want.

adverbial clause

adjective clause

noun clause

2. What he cooked was delicious.

noun clause

adjective clause

adverbial clause

3. Yogyakarta is a city where I was born.

noun clause

adjective clause

adverbial clause

4. He was 54 years of age when he wrote her first poem.

noun clause

adjective clause

adverbial clause

5. She likes the skirt that I wear.

adverbial clause

noun clause

adjective clause

6. They were sleeping when you arrived.

adjective clause

adverbial clause

noun clause

7. That today is my sister’s birthday is not right.

adverbial clause

adjective clause

noun clause

8. Emily, who did a lot of exercises, has a good mark.

adjective clause

adverbial clause

noun clause

9. I forgot where I put my glasses.

noun clause

adjective clause

adverbial clause

10. I listened to what she said.

noun clause

adjective clause

adverbial clause

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